Electronic media law and regulation pdf

Communication policy and the public interest. Graber Ed. Washington D. C: CQ Press. Bagdikian, B. The media monopoly. Boston: Beacon Press. Ball, M. Lying down together: law, metaphor and theology.

Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Bernstein, M. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Castells, M. The information age: economy, society, and culture. New Jersey: Wiley- Black well. Chalaby, J. From internationalization to transnationalization. Global media and communication, 1 1 , Corn-Revere, R.

Economics and media regulation. Alexander, J. Carveth Eds. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Creech, K. Electronic media law and regulation.

London: Routledge. Dar, N. Information revolution in Pakistan. The Nation. Freedman, D. The Politics of Media Policy.

Cambridge: Polity Press. Garry, P. Scrambling for protection: The new media and the first amendment. Gunaratne, S. Handbook of the media in South Asia. The media in Asia: An overview. International Communication Gazette. The rule of metaphor: prolegomena to any future Internet regulation. Electronic Journal of Communication, 8 2. Harcup, T. Journalism, 4 3 , Husband, C. Minority ethnic media as communities of practice: professionalism and identity politics in interaction.

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31 3 , World telecommunication development report. Geneva: ITU. Jabbar, J. Mass media laws and regulations in Pakistan — And a commentary from historical perspective. Singapore: AMIC. Javed, M. Regulation, competition, and information. The Pakistan Development Review, 41 4 , Joseph, A.

Broadcast regulation in the public interest: A backgrounder [Online]. Info change India. The Pakistan Development Review, 41 4 , — Khan, R. Development of electronic media in Pakistan. The Post, p. Kitley, P. Television, regulation and civil society in Asia. Kohli-Khandekar, V. The Indian media business. Kumar, K. Journal of Creative Communications, 3 1 , Laffont, J. LeDuc, D. Ludes, P. Convergence and fragmentation. Chicago: Intellect Books.

McChesney, R. The political economy of media: enduring issues, emerging dilemmas. New York: Monthly Review press.

McQuail, D. Mass communication theory. Mehta, A. Media regulation in India. Media Asia, 25 2 , Napoli, P. Foundations of communication policy: principles and processes in regulation of electronic media. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press. Olson, M. The rise and decline of nations: Economic growth, stagflation and social rigidities. New Haven: Yale University Press. Owen, B. The economic view of programming.

Journal of Communication, 28 2 , Oxley, M. The cable-telco cross-ownership prohibition: First amendment infringement through obsolescence. Federal Communication Law Journal, 46, Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority.

Governance, globalism and satellites. Global Media and Communication, 4 3 , Rantanen, T. Flows and contra-flows in transitional Societies. Thussu Ed. New York: Routledge. Rasul, A. Role of radio in development: The case of Pakistan. Journal of Mass Communication, 11 2 , Regulation and media monopoly: A case study of broadcast regulation in Pakistan. Diversity or homogeny: Concentration of ownership and media diversity in Pakistan.

Asian Journal of Communication, 23 6 , Global Media Journal — American Edition, 12 Richter, A. Defining media freedom in international policy debates. Global Media and Communication, [Advance online publication].

Doi: Robison, K. Post-industrial transformations and cyber-space: A cross- national analysis of internet development. Social Science Research, 31, Shields, P. Gazette, 58, Smith, C. The diversity principle: friend or foe of the First Amendment? Washington, D. C: The Media Institute. Stigler, G. The theory of economic regulation. Bell journal of economics, 2, 3— Tahir, S. Television in Pakistan: An overview. In D French and M. Richards Eds. Tellis, W.

Introduction to case study. The Qualitative Report, 3 2 , Thomas, P. Trading the nation: multilateral negotiations and the fate of communications in India. Thussu, D. Unlike other developed countries, the two countries are grappling with political issues that hinder the process discourse of public interest.

The real issues relating to media remain unattended. The media industry is proliferating but the media policy and regulation is still at a nascent stage. There are ideological clashes between the federal and the state governments to come to consensus with a national policy for broadcasting. At the same time, with multinationals and foreign players entering the market, it is crucial that there is necessary regulation in place to ensure the broadcasting is for genuine public interest.

It looks impossible to have a proposed independent regulatory authority to exist in these countries as the power- mongers try to ensure that they become a part of the regulatory regime. Different studies Bagdikian, ; McQuail, ; Napoli, suggest that governments want to maintain their control over electronic media due to their ubiquity and power to influence public opinion. Despotic and democratic regimes indulge in efforts to control the media due to these reasons.

It is equally interesting to note that India has yet to establish a regulatory body despite being an active democracy. The common factor between both societies is the control of public relations bureaucracies that thwart all endeavors, which limit their authority. Thus, as proposed by Napoli and McQuail , regulatory bodies zealously work to facilitate broadcast media growth; however, lethargic bureaucracies take over as regulatory regimes challenge the status quo.

It could be concluded that much political effort is required to ensure the existence of independent and autonomous regulatory bodies to facilitate the smooth functioning and development of broadcast media in India and Pakistan.

References Ameer, S. Bureaucracies and media regulation in Asia. Manila: Orient Publishers. Ali, O. Gunaratne Ed. New Delhi: Sage. Anderson, C. The place of principles in policy analysis. Wade Eds. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Aufderheide, P. Communication policy and the public interest. Graber Ed. Washington D. C: CQ Press.

Bagdikian, B. The media monopoly. Boston: Beacon Press. Ball, M. Lying down together: law, metaphor and theology. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Bernstein, M. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Castells, M. The information age: economy, society, and culture. New Jersey: Wiley- Black well. Chalaby, J. From internationalization to transnationalization. Global media and communication, 1 1 , Corn-Revere, R. Economics and media regulation. Alexander, J.

Carveth Eds. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Creech, K. Electronic media law and regulation. London: Routledge. Dar, N. Information revolution in Pakistan. The Nation. Freedman, D. The Politics of Media Policy. Cambridge: Polity Press. Garry, P. Scrambling for protection: The new media and the first amendment. Gunaratne, S.

Handbook of the media in South Asia. The media in Asia: An overview. International Communication Gazette. The rule of metaphor: prolegomena to any future Internet regulation. Electronic Journal of Communication, 8 2.

Harcup, T. Journalism, 4 3 , Husband, C. Minority ethnic media as communities of practice: professionalism and identity politics in interaction. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31 3 , World telecommunication development report.

Geneva: ITU. Jabbar, J. Mass media laws and regulations in Pakistan — And a commentary from historical perspective. Singapore: AMIC. Javed, M. Regulation, competition, and information. The Pakistan Development Review, 41 4 , Joseph, A. Broadcast regulation in the public interest: A backgrounder [Online].

Info change India. The Pakistan Development Review, 41 4 , — Khan, R. Development of electronic media in Pakistan. The Post, p. Kitley, P. Television, regulation and civil society in Asia. Kohli-Khandekar, V. The Indian media business. Kumar, K. Journal of Creative Communications, 3 1 , Laffont, J.

LeDuc, D. Ludes, P. Convergence and fragmentation. Chicago: Intellect Books. McChesney, R. The political economy of media: enduring issues, emerging dilemmas.

New York: Monthly Review press. McQuail, D. Mass communication theory. Mehta, A. Media regulation in India. Media Asia, 25 2 , Napoli, P. Foundations of communication policy: principles and processes in regulation of electronic media. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press. Olson, M. The rise and decline of nations: Economic growth, stagflation and social rigidities.

New Haven: Yale University Press. Owen, B. The economic view of programming. Journal of Communication, 28 2 , Oxley, M. The cable-telco cross-ownership prohibition: First amendment infringement through obsolescence.

Federal Communication Law Journal, 46, Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority. Governance, globalism and satellites. Global Media and Communication, 4 3 , Rantanen, T.

Flows and contra-flows in transitional Societies. Thussu Ed. New York: Routledge. Rasul, A. Role of radio in development: The case of Pakistan. Journal of Mass Communication, 11 2 , Regulation and media monopoly: A case study of broadcast regulation in Pakistan. Diversity or homogeny: Concentration of ownership and media diversity in Pakistan.

Asian Journal of Communication, 23 6 , Global Media Journal — American Edition, 12 Richter, A.